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  • ืชืžื•ื ืช ื”ืกื•ืคืจ/ืชืงืจืŸ ื”ืจื˜ืžืŸ

ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืกืคืจ: ืฉื‘ืขื” ืกืคืจื™ ืฉื™ืจื” ืฉื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืงืจื•ื


ื›ืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืกืคืจื™ื ืžื•ืžืœืฆื™ื ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืกืคืจ


ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื•ื, ื›ื™ื“ื•ืข, ื”ื—ื’ ืฉืœื ื• - ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจื™ื ื•ื”ืกื•ืคืจื™ื, ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ื ืคืœืื” ืœื›ื•ืœืŸ ื•ืœื›ื•ืœื ืœืงื ื•ืช ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ืจื”. ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืกื™ื™ืžืชื™ ืœืคื’ื•ืฉ, ืœืฉื•ื—ื— ื•ืœื—ื‘ืง ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืคื™ื ื•ืงื•ืจืื™ื ื‘ื“ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื ื•ื“ื“ ืฉืœ ืœื•ืงื•ืก, ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืžืœื™ืฅ ืขืœ ืฉื‘ืขื” ืกืคืจื™ ืฉื™ืจื” ืžื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืฉื›ื“ืื™ ืœื›ืŸ ืžืžืฉ ืœืงื ื•ืช ื•ืœืงืจื•ื. ื”ื™ื” ืงืฉื” ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืจืง ืฉื‘ืขื”. ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืกืคืจื™ ืฉื™ืจื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืžืœื™ืฅ ืขืœื™ื”ื (ื•ืœื ืจืง ืžื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”), ืื‘ืœ ืจื™ื›ื–ืชื™ ื›ืืŸ ืืช ืืœื• ืฉื”ืœื›ื• ืื™ืชื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื”ืฉื ื”, ืฉืงื™ืคืœืชื™ ื‘ื”ื ื”ื›ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืงืคืœื™ื, ืฉืื ื™ ืžื‘ืงืฉืช ืฉืœื ืชืคืกืคืกื• ืื•ืชื.


ื™ืืœืœื”.

1. ืขืžื•ืก ื ื•ื™ - "ื›ืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืชื”ื™ื”"


ื›ืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื›ืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืชื”ื™ื”


ืขื•ืจืš: ืืœื™ ื”ื™ืจืฉ ื”ื•ืฆืื”: ืขื•ืœื ื—ื“ืฉ ืกืคืจ ื—ื“ืฉ ืœืขืžื•ืก ื ื•ื™ ื”ื•ื ืื™ืจื•ืข ืžืจื’ืฉ ืฉื—ื™ื›ื™ื ื• ืœื• ืžืžืฉ (ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืฉืื ื™ ืœื ืœื‘ื“).

ื”ืฉื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืขืžื•ืก ื”ื™ื ืคืœื ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื’'ื ื’ืœ ื‘ืื•ื™ืจ ื›ืžื• ื›ื“ื•ืจื™ื ืžืจื•ื›ื–ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืื‘, ื”ื•ืžื•ืจ, ื™ื•ืคื™ ื•ืขื•ื“ ื›ืื‘. ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืขื˜ื•ืฃ ืชืžื™ื“ ื‘ืžื ื’ื™ื ื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืขืžื•ืกื ื•ื™, ืชื•ืคืก ื‘ื‘ื˜ืŸ ื•ืœื ืขื•ื–ื‘. ื›ืœ ืฉื™ืจ ื™ื•ืจื“ ืœืื˜ ื›ืžื• ื ื•ืฆื”, ืฉื•ืงืข ื›ืžื• ืžืฉืงื•ืœืช, ืžืขืจื‘ืœ ืื•ืชื ื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืžื™ื™ื ื•ืืจืฅ, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืœื—ืœื•ื, ื‘ืžืœื•ื ื—ื•ื›ืžื”, ืื”ื‘ื” ื•ืฆืขืจ ืขืœ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื. ืื ืื™ืŸ ืœื›ืŸ ืืช ืกืคืจื™ื• ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื - ื–ื” ื—ืžื•ืจ ืžืื•ื“. ืฉื ื™ ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืžืชื•ืš "ื›ืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืชื”ื™ื”": ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ / ืขืžื•ืก ื ื•ื™


ื‘ึผึฐื—ึนื“ึถืฉื ื—ึถืฉืึฐื•ึธืŸ ืึตื™ืŸ ื—ึทื’ึผึดื™ื ืจึทืง ื™ึธืจึตื—ึท

ื™ึธืคึถื” ื›ึผึธืœ ื›ึผึธืšึฐ ืฉืึถืฆึผึธืจึดื™ืšึฐ ืœึทืขึฒืจึนืšึฐ

ื‘ึผึฐื—ึนื“ึถืฉื ื—ึถืฉืึฐื•ึธืŸ ืึถืช ื—ึทื’ ื”ึทื™ึผึธืจึตื—ึท

ื‘ึผึฐื—ึนื“ึถืฉื ื—ึถืฉืึฐื•ึธืŸ ืื•ึนืจึดื™ ืžึตืชึธื” ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ื”ึทืคึผึฐืจึธื—ึดื™ื

ื—ึธื“ึฐืœื•ึผ ืžึดื ึผึดื™ื—ื•ึนื—ึธื ื•ึทืึฒืคึดืœึผื•ึผ ืึฒื ึดื™ ืฉืึถื”ึทื›ึผึนืœ ืฉืื•ึนื›ึตื—ึท

ื–ื•ึนื›ึตืจ ืฉืึถื‘ึผึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทื”ื•ึผื ื”ึธื™ึธื” ื—ึทื

ื•ึผื‘ึทืœึผึทื™ึฐืœึธื” ื”ึทื”ื•ึผื ื”ึธื™ึฐืชึธื” ื—ึฒืฉืึตื›ึธื” ื’ึผึฐื“ื•ึนืœึธื” ื•ึฐื™ึธืจึตื—ึท

ืฉืึถืœ ื—ึนื“ึถืฉื ื—ึถืฉืึฐื•ึธืŸ: ื“ึผึดื‘ึผื•ึผืจ ื–ึถื” ืฉืึถื”ื•ึผื ืžึดืฆึผึทื“ ื”ึทื—ึนืฉืึถืšึฐ

ื™ึตืฉื ื‘ึผื•ึน ืžึดืœึผึดื™ื ืึฒื‘ึธืœ ืึตื™ืŸ ื‘ึผื•ึน ื ึถื—ึธืžึธื”

ืื•ึผืœึทื™ ื‘ึผึธื›ึดื™ืชึดื™ ืึธื– ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน ืฉืึถื‘ึผื•ึนื›ึดื™ื ืึทื—ึฒืจึตื™ ืžึดืœึฐื—ึธืžึธื”

ืขึทื›ึฐืฉืึธื• ืึฒื ึดื™ ืœึนื ื–ื•ึนื›ึตืจ ื•ึทืึฒื ึดื™ ืœึนื ืฉืื•ึนื›ึตื—ึท

ืขึทื›ึฐืฉืึธื• ื—ึนื“ึถืฉื ื—ึถืฉืึฐื•ึธืŸ ื•ึฐืึตื™ืŸ ื—ึทื’ึผึดื™ื ืึฒื‘ึธืœ ืžึธื—ึธืจ

ืึฒื ึดื™ ืึตืœึตืšึฐ ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน ื‘ึผึทื—ึฒืœื•ึนื ืœึธืจึฐื—ื•ึนื‘ ืฉืึถืœึผึธื”ึผ

ื•ึผืžื•ึผืœ ื”ึทื—ึทืœึผื•ึนืŸ ืฉืึถืœึผึธื”ึผ ืึฒื ึดื™ ืึถืงึฐืจึธื ื‘ึผึฐืงื•ึนืœ ื ึดื—ึธืจ

ืื•ึนืจึดื™ ืื•ึนืจึดื™ ื›ึผึฐื‘ึธืจ ืžึฐืึปื—ึธืจ

ืื•ึนืจึดื™ ืื•ึนืจึดื™ ืงื•ึผืžึดื™ ืื•ึนืจึดื™

ืงื•ึผืžึดื™ ืœึดืจึฐืื•ึนืช ืึถืช ื”ึทื™ึผึธืจึตื—ึท


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ื”ื•ึผื•ึผื•ึผื•ึผื•ึผื•ึผื•ึผื•ึผื•ึผื•ึผื•ึผ / ืขืžื•ืก ื ื•ื™


ืึดื ื”ึทื–ึผึดื›ึผึธืจื•ึนืŸ ืฉืึถืœึผึดื™ ืึตื™ื ื•ึน ืžึทื˜ึฐืขึถื” ืื•ึนืชึดื™

ื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ื’ึผึทื ื“ึผึฐื‘ึธืจึดื™ื ื™ึธืคึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐืœึดื”ึฐื™ื•ึนืช ืžึฐืึปืฉึผืึธืจ:

ื ึทื’ึผึดื™ื“, ื›ึผึฐืฉืึถื’ึผึถืฉืึถื ืžึฐืขึนืจึธื‘ ื‘ึผึฐืฉืึถืœึถื’

ืžึทื›ึผึถื” ื‘ึผึฐื—ึธื–ึฐืงึธื” ื‘ึผึฐืงึดื™ืจื•ึนืช ื”ึทืฆึผึฐืจึดื™ืฃ

ื•ึผืžึทืฉึผืึถื”ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึทื—ื•ึผืฅ ืขื•ึนืฉื‚ึถื” ื”ื•ึผื•ึผื•ึผื•ึผื•ึผื•ึผื•ึผื•ึผื•ึผื•ึผื•ึผ

ื•ึฐืึทืชึผึธื” ืœึนื ื™ื•ึนื“ึตืขึท ืึดื ื–ึถื” ื”ึธืจื•ึผื—ึท ืื•ึน ื–ึฐืึตื‘ึดื™ื

ืึฒื‘ึธืœ ืึทืชึผึธื” ื™ื•ึนืฉืึตื‘ ื‘ึผึทื›ึผึปืจึฐืกึธื” ืœึฐื™ึทื“ ืชึผึทื ึผื•ึผืจ ืขึตืฆึดื™ื

ื•ึฐืงื•ึนืจึตื ืฉืื•ึผืจื•ึนืช ื‘ึผึฐืฉื‚ึธืคึธื” ืฉืึถืึทืชึผึธื” ืžึฐื ึทืกึผึถื” ืœึดืœึฐืžึนื“

ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ื”ึธืขื•ึนืœึธื ืžึดืกึฐืชึผึทื—ึฐืจึตืจ ืกึฐื‘ึดื™ื‘ึธืŸ:

ื”ึธืึธื‘ึดื™ื‘ ื™ึธื‘ื•ึนื ืขึทืœ ื’ึผึทื‘ ืกื•ึผืก ื™ึธืจึนืง. ืึฒื‘ึธืœ ืึทืชึผึธื” ืœึนื ืชึผึธื‘ื•ึนื.

ื”ึทืงึผึทื™ึดืฅ ื™ึธื‘ื•ึนื ืขึทืœ ื’ึผึทื‘ ืกื•ึผืก ืฆึธื”ึนื‘. ืึฒื‘ึธืœ ืึทืชึผึธื” ืœึนื ืชึผึธื‘ื•ึนื.

ื”ึทืกึผึฐืชึธื• ื™ึธื‘ื•ึนื ืขึทืœ ื’ึผึทื‘ ืกื•ึผืก ืึธืคึนืจ. ืึฒื‘ึธืœ ืึทืชึผึธื” ืœึนื ืชึผึธื‘ื•ึนื.

ืœึนื. ืึทืชึผึธื” ืœึนื ืชึผึธื‘ื•ึนื.



2. ืขื“ื™ ืคืœื“-ืฉืจื™ื’ - "ืœื ื ื•ืœื“ื ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืžื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ืคื™ื ืฉืœ ืขืฆืžื ื•"

ื›ืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืœื ื ื•ืœื“ื ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืžื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ืคื™ื ืฉืœ ืขืฆืžื ื•


ืขื•ืจืš: ืืœื™ืขื– ื›ื”ืŸ ื”ื•ืฆืื”: ืžืฉื™ื‘ ื”ืจื•ื— (ืกื“ืจืช ื—ื•ื˜ ื”ื›ืกืฃ)


ื’ื ืœืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื” ื—ื™ื›ื™ืชื™ ื”ืจื‘ื”. ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ ื•ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœื ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื• ื ืคืขืžืชื™ ื›ืžื” ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืœื” ืขืœ ื”ืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช, ื›ืžื” ื”ื•ื ื’ื“ื•ืฉ ื•ืขืžื•ืง.

ืขื“ื™ ื›ื•ืชื‘ืช ื‘ืฉืคื” ืขืฉื™ืจื”, ื‘ืฉืœื”, ื—ื›ืžื”, ืžืœืืช ืืžืช ื•ื›ื ื•ืช, ื”ืฉื™ืจื” ื—ื•ื“ืจืช ื“ืจืš ื”ืืžื”ื•ืช, ื”ื ืฉื™ื•ืช, ื”ื‘ื™ืช, ื“ืจืš ื”ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ื“ื™ื“ื•ืช, ื“ืจืš ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ื•ืกืžื•ื™ ืœืขืชื™ื ืžื”ืขื™ืŸ. ื–ื” ืกืคืจ ื™ืคื”, ื™ืคื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš.

ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ื‘ื—ื•ื. ืฉื ื™ ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืžืชื•ืš "ืœื ื ื•ืœื“ื ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืžื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ืคื™ื ืฉืœ ืขืฆืžื ื•":

ืื™ื–ื” ืžื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจ? / ืขื“ื™ ืคืœื“-ืฉืจื™ื’

ืึดืฉึผืึธื” ืึตื™ื ึธื”ึผ ืจื•ึนืฆึธื” ืœึธืฉืื•ึผื‘ ืœึฐื‘ึตื™ืชึธื”ึผ

ื•ึฐื”ึทื‘ึผึทื™ึดืช ื˜ื•ึนื‘.


ืœึฐืคึธื ึดื™ื, ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน ืกึฐืคื•ึนื’ ืกึธื‘ึฐื‘ึธื” ื‘ึผึธืขื•ึนืœึธื,

ื”ึดืงึผึดื™ืคึธื” ืžึดื™ื ึตื™ ื™ึฐืจึดื™ื—ื•ึน

ืึทืšึฐ ื™ึธื“ึฐืขึธื” ืœึธืฉืื•ึผื‘ ืœึฐืขึทืฆึฐืžึธื”ึผ

ื•ึฐื›ึธืขึตืช ืžึธื”?

ืžึดืชึฐื’ึผึทืœึฐื’ึผึถืœึถืช ื‘ึผึทืžึผึทื“ึฐืจึตื’ื•ึนืช ืึถืœ ื”ึทืžึผึทื—ึฐืกึธืŸ,

ืฉืึธื, ื‘ึผึฐืžึทืขึฒืจึทื‘ ื”ึทื—ึถื“ึถืจ,

ืงึดื™ืจ ืขึธืฉื‚ื•ึผื™ ืึฒื‘ึธื ึดื™ื ื›ึผึฐื‘ึตื“ื•ึนืช ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน

ื”ึทื”ึดื™ืกึฐื˜ื•ึนืจึฐื™ึธื”, ื™ึทืœึฐื“ึผึธื” ื“ึผึทืงึผึธื”

ืžึทื˜ึฐืžึดื™ื ึธื” ื‘ึผึฐืชื•ึนื›ื•ึน ืึฑืžื•ึผื ึธื” ื•ึฐืชึดืงึฐื•ื•ึนืช.


ืึตื™ื–ึถื” ืžึดื™ืŸ ื“ึผึธื‘ึธืจ? ืึดืฉึผืึธื” ืึตื™ื ึธื”ึผ ืจื•ึนืฆึธื” ืœึธืฉืื•ึผื‘ ืœึฐื‘ึตื™ืชึธื”ึผ

ื•ึฐื”ึทื‘ึผึทื™ึดืช ื˜ื•ึนื‘.


ืœึฐืคึธื ึดื™ื, ื’ึผึทื ื›ึผึฐืฉืึถื ึผึธืคึฐืœื•ึผ ื—ื•ึนืžื•ึนืช, ื’ึผึทื ื›ึผึฐืฉืึถื ึผึดืคึฐืงึฐืขึธื” ืขึดื™ืจ,

ื”ึธื™ึฐืชึธื” ืขื•ึนืžึถื“ึถืช, ืžึดืชึฐืžึทืกึผึถืจึถืช ืœึฐืขึถืฆึถื‘ ื”ึทื’ึผื•ึผืฃ.

ืคึผึถืชึทื— ืœึฐื‘ึทื™ึดืช ืฉืึฐืœึดื™ืฉืึดื™ ื”ึธื™ึธื” ื—ึปืจึฐื‘ึผึทืŸ ื”ึทื ึผึถืคึถืฉื

ื•ึฐื›ึธืขึตืช ืžึธื”?

ืฉืึฐื‘ึธืจึดื™ื ืžึดืชึฐื—ึทื ึผึฐื ึดื™ื ืœึธืขื•ึผืฃ.


ืึตื™ื–ึถื” ืžึดื™ืŸ ื“ึผึธื‘ึธืจ ืึดืฉึผืึธื” ืึตื™ื ึธื”ึผ ืจื•ึนืฆึธื” ืœึธืฉืื•ึผื‘ ืœึฐื‘ึตื™ืชึธื”ึผ ื•ึฐื”ึทื‘ึผึทื™ึดืช ื˜ื•ึนื‘


~~~ ืื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื™ืช / ืขื“ื™ ืคืœื“-ืฉืจื™ื’


ื”ึตื ื”ึดื’ึผึดื™ืขื•ึผ ืœึถืึฑื˜ึนื ืึถืช ื”ึทืกึผึฐื“ึธืงึดื™ื ื‘ึผึทืงึผึดื™ืจื•ึนืช. ืžึดืกึฐืชึผึทื‘ึผึตืจ ืฉืึถื”ึทืงึผึทืจึฐืงึทืข ืชึผึทื—ึฐืชึผึตื™ื ื•ึผ

ืœึนื ื™ึทืฆึผึดื™ื‘ึธื”, ื”ึทื‘ึผึทื™ึดืช ื–ึธื–, ื”ึธืึฒื“ึธืžึธื” ืจื•ึนืขึถื“ึถืช.

ื”ึดืฆึผึทืขึฐืชึผึดื™ ืœึธื”ึถื ืœึดืฉืึฐืชึผื•ึนืช ื•ึฐื”ึตื ืึธืžึฐืจื•ึผ "ืฉืึปืงึฐืจึทืืŸ, ืึฒื‘ึธืœ ืจึทืžึทื“ึทืืŸ, ืฆื•ึนื".

ืฉืึธืึทืœึฐืชึผึดื™ ืึตื™ืšึฐ ืึถืคึฐืฉืึธืจ ื›ึผึธืšึฐ ืœึทืขึฒื‘ึนื“, ืึธืžึฐืจื•ึผ "ืžึทืขึทืœึตื™ืฉื, ืึตื™ืŸ ืžึธื” ืœึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึนืช"

ื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ืœึดื™ ื‘ึผึทืงึผึธืฉืื•ึนืช ื•ึผืชึฐื”ึดื™ึผื•ึนืช, "ืชึผึดืคึฐื ึดื™ ืึถืœ ื”ึทืงึผึทื‘ึผึฐืœึธืŸ", ืขึธื ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึฐื—ึดื™ึผื•ึผืšึฐ, "ืึฒื ึทื—ึฐื ื• ืจึทืง

ื”ึทืคึผื•ึนืขึฒืœึดื™ื, ืึธืกื•ึผืจ ืœึธื ื•ึผ ืœึทืขึฒื ื•ึนืช".

ืคึผึทืขึทื ืฉืึธืึทืœ ืื•ึนืชึดื™ ื™ื•ึผื“ึธื” (ืึทื—ึฒืจึตื™ ืฉืึถืกึผึดืคึผึทืจึฐืชึผึดื™ ืฉืึถืึธื ื•ึผ ื‘ึผื•ึนื ึดื™ื ื‘ึผึทื™ึดืช ื‘ึผึทืงึผึดื‘ึผื•ึผืฅ) โ€”

"ืึทืชึผึถื ื‘ึผื•ึนื ึดื™ื ืึถืช ื”ึทื‘ึผึทื™ึดืช?"

"ื›ึผึตืŸ", ืขึธื ึดื™ืชึดื™.

"ื‘ึผึถืึฑืžึถืช? ืึทืชึผึถื? ืขึดื ืžึถืœึถื˜ ื•ึผืœึฐื‘ึตื ึดื™ื? ืžึตื”ึทืคึผึดื’ึผื•ึผืžึดื™ื ื•ึฐืขึทื“ ืœึทื‘ึผึฐืจึธื–ึดื™ื?"

ื—ึธืฉืึทื‘ึฐืชึผึดื™ ืึธื– ืฉืึถื”ื•ึผื ืžึฐืขึทื˜ ืžึทื’ึฐื–ึดื™ื, ื”ึธื™ึฐืชึธื” ืœื•ึน ื—ึดื‘ึผึธื” ืžึฐื™ึปื—ึถื“ึถืช ืœึฐื“ึดื™ึผื•ึผืงึดื™ื ืœึฐืฉืื•ึนื ึดื™ึผึดื™ื.

ืจึทืืžึดื™ ืฉืึฐื—ึทืื“ึถื”, ื‘ึผึทืืกึถืœ ืขึทื‘ึผึฐื“ื•ึผืœ ืขึทื–ึดื™ื–, ื‘ึผึทืืกึถื ืขึทื“ื•ึผืึทืŸ, ืึทื—ึฐืžึทื“ ื‘ึผึทืจึฐื”ื•ึผื,

ืกึทืืœึถื ืึทื‘ึผื•ึผ ื™ื•ึผื ึถืก, ื™ื•ึผืกื•ึผืฃ ืžื•ึผืกึฐื˜ึทืคึทื, ืึดื™ืึทื“ ื’ึท'ืขึฐื‘ึผึทืจึดื™, ืขึทื‘ึผึถื“ ืžึทื—ึทืืžึดื™ื“,

ืขื•ึนืžึทืจ ืกึทื ื•ึผื•ึทืืจ, ื—ึทืœึดื™ืœ ืžึทื ึฐืกื•ึผืจ, ืžื•ึผื—ึทืžึทื“ ื—ึท'ืืœึถื“


3. ืกืคื™ืจ ืคื– - "ื›ืžื• ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื"



ื›ืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื›ืžื• ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื

ืขื•ืจืš: ื“ืจื•ืจ ื‘ื•ืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ืฆืื”: ื”ืœื™ืงื•ืŸ ืกืคื™ืจ ื•ืื ื™ ืœืžื“ื ื• ื™ื—ื“ ื‘ื”ืœื™ืงื•ืŸ, ื›ืš ืฉื—ืœืง ืžื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื–ื›ื•ืจื™ื ืœื™ ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ืขื•ื“ ื›ื˜ื™ื•ื˜ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื•. ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ื‘ืืžืช ืžื›ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชืš ืœืกืคืจ ื›ื–ื”, ืฉืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืกื’ืจ ืื•ืชื• ื›-"ืกืคืจ ืขืœ ืžื•ืช ืื" ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืขืฉื” ืฉื™ืจื™ ืžื–ื•ืงืง, ืžืคืขื™ื ื•ื ื•ื’ืข ื›ืœ ื›ืš. ืื ื™ ืžืจืฉื” ืœืขืฆืžื™ ืœื”ืขื™ื“ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืกืคื™ืจ ื—ืจื™ืฆื•ืช ืคื•ืื˜ื™ืช ื ื“ื™ืจื” ื•ืกื‘ืœื ื™ืช. ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ืฉืœื” ื”ื™ื ืกืคืจ ืฉื™ืจื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžืชืคืฉืจ ื‘ืขื•ืฆืžื•ืช ื”ื›ืื‘, ื‘ืืžืช ืฉืœื• ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ื›ื™ืฉืจื•ืŸ ืคื•ืื˜ื™.


ืฉื ื™ ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืžืชื•ืš "ื›ืžื• ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื": ืžื’ื™ืจื” / ืกืคื™ืจ ืคื–


ืึฒื ึดื™ ืฉืื•ึนืžึถืจึถืช ืขึทืœ ื”ึธืึถืคึฐืจื•ึนื—ึดื™ื ืฉืึถืœึผึธืšึฐ ืฉืึถื“ึผึธื—ึทืคึฐืชึผึฐ ืœึดื™

ืœึทื›ึผึดื™ืกึดื™ื ื‘ึผึทื™ึผื•ึนื ืฉืึถืœ ื”ึธืึดืฉืึฐืคึผื•ึผื–,

ื›ึผึฐืฉืึถื”ึธืึทื—ึดื™ื ืฉืึถืœึผึธืงึฐื—ื•ึผ ืื•ึนืชึธืšึฐ

ื”ึดืคึฐื ื•ึผ ืžึทื‘ึผึธื˜.

ื”ึธืึถืคึฐืจื•ึนื—ึดื™ื ืึถืฆึฐืœึดื™ ื‘ึผึทืžึผึฐื’ึตืจึธื”, ืžึฐื—ึทื›ึผึดื™ื ืœึธืšึฐ ืฉืึถืชึผึทื—ึฐื–ึฐืจึดื™ ืึตืœึตื™ื ื•ึผ.

ืึฒื ึดื™ ืžึฐื›ึทืกึผึธื” ืื•ึนืชึธื ื‘ึผึทืœึผึทื™ึฐืœึธื” ื•ึผืžึทืึฒื›ึดื™ืœึธื”,

ื—ื•ึนืจึทืจึฐืชึผึดื™ ืคึผึถืชึทื— ืึดื•ึฐืจื•ึผืจ.


ืฉืึดืฉึผืึธื” ื—ึณื“ึธืฉืึดื™ื ืฉืึถืึทืชึผึฐ ืžึตืชึธื”.

ื‘ึผึทื”ึทืชึฐื—ึธืœึธื” ื”ึตื ื™ึธืจึฐื“ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึทืžึผึดืฉืึฐืงึธืœ ื•ึฐื›ึทื ึฐืคึตื™ื”ึถื ื”ึดืœึฐื‘ึผึดื™ื ื•ึผ

ืึถื—ึธื“ ื”ึดืชึฐื—ึดื™ืœ ืœึฐื ึทืงึตึผืจ ืึถืช ืึธื—ึดื™ื• ื‘ึผึทืœึผึทื™ึฐืœึธื”. ื—ึธืฉืึทื‘ึฐืชึผึดื™ ืฉืึถื–ึผึถื” ืžึดืฉื‚ึฐื—ึธืง.

ืœึนื ื”ึดืกึฐืคึผึทืงึฐืชึผึดื™ ืœึฐื”ึทืคึฐืจึดื™ื“.

ื‘ึผึทื‘ึผึนืงึถืจ ืฉืึธื›ึทื‘ ืฉืึธื ืžึตืช,

ืึธื—ึดื™ื• ืฉืึธื›ึทื‘ ืœึฐื™ึธื“ื•ึน, ืžึตืช ื’ึผึทื. ืื•ึผืœึทื™ ืžึดืฆึผึทืขึทืจ.


ื”ึธืึถืคึฐืจื•ึนื—ึดื™ื ื ึดืจึฐืงึธื‘ึดื™ื ืœึดื™ ื‘ึผึทืžึผึฐื’ึตืจึธื”.


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ืฉืึดืคึผื•ึผืœึตื™ ื”ึธืึถืชึฐืžื•ึนืœ ื”ึปื›ึฐืชึผึฐืžื•ึผ ื‘ึผึทืฆึผึฐืขึธืงื•ึนืช

ืฉืึถืงึธึผื“ึทื—ึฐืชึผึดื™ ื‘ึผึฐื“ึถืœึถืช ื ึฐืขื•ึผืœึธื”. ืฆึธื•ึทื—ึฐืชึผึดื™ ืึถืช ืฉืึฐืžึตืšึฐ

ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน ื’ึผื•ึนื–ึธืœ ืจึธืขึตื‘, ืคึผึฐืขื•ึผืจ ืžึทืงึผื•ึนืจ, ืžึฐืฆึทื™ึผึตืฅ ืœึฐืึดืžึผื•ึน ื”ึธืึตื™ื ึถื ึผึธื”,

ื”ึทืชึผึตื›ึถืฃ ื—ื•ึนื–ึถืจึถืช, ืœึนื -

ื”ึทืžึผึปื ึผึทื—ึทืช ืฉืึฐืœึนืฉึธื” ืžึถื˜ึฐืจึดื™ื ืžึดืชึผึทื—ึฐืชึผึธื™ื•, ืฉืึฐื‘ื•ึผืจึทืช ื›ึผึธื ึธืฃ.


ื”ึทื—ึนืฉึถืšึฐ ืคึผึธืขึทืจ ื‘ึผึดื™ ืกึฐื“ึธืงึดื™ื. ืœึนื ืฉืึธืžึทืขึฐืชึผึดื™ ื‘ึผึทื–ึผึฐืžึทืŸ

ืึถืช ืขึทืฆึฐืžื•ึนืช ื”ึทืžึผึธื—ึธืจ ืžึดืชึฐืจึทืกึผึฐืงื•ึนืช. ื•ึฐืขึทื›ึฐืฉืึธื• ื”ึทืžึผึธื—ึธืจ ืžึฐืฉืึปืชึผึธืง.



4. ื ืขื ื‘ืŸ-ื“ื•ื“ - "ืฉื™ืจื™ ืฉื•ืงืช ืจื™ืงื”"

ื›ืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืฉื™ืจื™ ืฉื•ืงืช ืจื™ืงื”

ืขืจืš: ื ื™ืกืŸ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื›ื”ืŸ ื”ื•ืฆืื”: ื ืฆื—


ื–ื” ืกืคืจ ืฉื™ืฆื ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื” ืื‘ืœ ืืœ ืชืชืงื˜ื ื ื• ืื™ืชื™ ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื›ื–ื” ืฉื ืฉืืจ. ื ืขื ื‘ืŸ-ื“ื•ื“, ืžื™ื™ืกื“ ื”ื•ืฆืืช "ื ืฆื—", ืžื™ื™ืกื“ ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืขืช "ืขืœ ื”ืฉืคืชื™ื™ื" ื•ืื™ืฉ ืžื•ื›ืฉืจ ืžืžืฉ, ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืกืคืจ ืฉื™ืจื” ืžื•ืงืคื“, ืžื”ื•ื“ืง, ืฉืžื›ื ื™ืก ืื•ืชื ื•, ืชืžื•ื ื” ืื—ืจ ืชืžื•ื ื”, ืฉื™ืจ ืื—ืจ ืฉื™ืจ, ืœืชื•ืš ืžื‘ื ื” ืฉื™ืจื™-ืจื’ืฉื™ ื“ื—ื•ืก ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ืช, ื’ื•ืฃ, ื™ืœื“ื•ืช, ื”ืชื‘ื’ืจื•ืช, ืื™ืฉื”, ืื™ืฉ. ื–ื” ืกืคืจ ืงืฆืจ ื•ื™ืคื”, ืฉื”ื ืจื˜ื™ื‘ ืฉืœื• ืฆื•ื‘ืจ ื•ืžื—ืœื—ืœ ืžืฉื™ืจ ืœืฉื™ืจ. ื”ืคื•ืื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื ืขื ืžื™ื™ืฆืจืช ืžืฉื”ื• ื—ื“ ื•ืจืš, ืขืžื•ื ื•ื‘ื”ื™ืจ, ืขื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื ื•ื›ื—.

ืฉื ื™ ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืžืชื•ืš "ืฉื™ืจื™ ืฉื•ืงืช ืจื™ืงื”":

*

ื”ื•ึนืœึตืšึฐ ื•ึฐื ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ืœึธืšึฐ ืงึธืฉืึถื” ืœึฐื”ึทื‘ึฐื—ึดื™ืŸ

ื‘ึผึตื™ืŸ ืงึฐืจึดื™ืจื•ึผืช ื”ึทื—ึถื“ึถืจ ืœึฐืœึทื”ึทื˜ ื”ึธืจึฐื—ื•ึนื‘.

ื’ึผื•ึผืคึตืšึฐ, ื”ึทืžึผึฐื‘ึทืงึผึตืฉื ืจึทืง ืœึทื—ึฐืœึนืฃ,

ื ึดืชึฐืœึทืฉื ืžึดืฉึผืึฐื ึธืชื•ึน,

ื”ึธืœึทื ื›ึผึทืชึผึนืฃ.

ื’ึผื•ึผืคึตืšึฐ ืฆื•ึนืขึฒื ึดื™ ื›ึผึธื–ึถื”โ€‹ ืžึฐืœึปื›ึฐืœึธืšึฐ

ื“ึผื•ึนืคึตืง ืขึดื ื”ึทืงึผึถืฉืึถืช ื‘ึผึฐืฉืื•ึผืœึตื™ ื”ึทื›ึผึดื ึผื•ึนืจ

ื‘ึผึธื–ื•ึผื™, ืžึฐื ึปืฆึผึธืœ ื•ึฐื“ึธืคื•ึผืง

ืžึฐื›ึทืฉึผืึตืฃ ืึถืช ืฉืึถืœึผึนื ื ึดืชึผึทืŸ ืœึฐื›ึดืฉึผืื•ึผืฃ

ื‘ึผื•ึนื›ึถื” ื‘ึผึฐืฉืื•ึผืœึตื™ ื“ึผึถืจึถืšึฐ โ€“

ืขึธืžื•ึผื ืœึฐืขึทืฆึฐืžื•ึน โ€“

ื—ึทืงึฐื™ึธืŸ ืฉืึถืœ ื’ึผื•ึผืคึดื™ื ืึฒื—ึตืจึดื™ื.

ื™ื•ึนื ื™ึธื‘ื•ึนื ื•ึฐื™ึปื–ึฐืžึทืŸ ืœึทืฉึผื‚ึทืขึทืจ

ืœึฐื”ึดื˜ึผึธืจึตืง ืึทื—ึทืช ื•ึผืœึฐืชึธืžึดื™ื“.


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ืึดืžึผึตืšึฐ ืžึฐืงึทืœึผึถืคึถืช ืจึดืžึผื•ึนืŸ ื‘ึผึทืžึผึดื˜ึฐื‘ึผึธื—

ืฉืึธืžึทื™ึดื ืื•ึนืจึฐื‘ึดื™ื ืึถืœ ืžึดื—ื•ึผืฅ ืœึทื—ึทืœึผื•ึนืŸ

ืึทืชึผึฐ ืœื•ึนืงึทื—ึทืช ืงึฐืฆึธืช ืžึดื™ืฅ ื•ึผืžึฐื˜ึทืคึฐื˜ึถืคึถืช ืœึฐืึทื˜

ืจึดืฆึฐืคึผึธื” ืžึดืชึฐืžึทืœึผึตืืช ื‘ึผึฐืจึตื™ื—ึท ืึธื“ึนื

ืึดืžึผึตืšึฐ ืื•ึนื”ึถื‘ึถืช ืึถืช ืจึนืืฉื ื”ึทืฉึผืึธื ึธื”

ื‘ึผึถืขึธื‘ึธืจ ื”ึดื™ื ืงึธื ึฐืชึธื” ืœึธืšึฐ ื–ึตืจึดื™ื ื•ึฐืจึดืžึผื•ึนืŸ

ื‘ึผึทื›ึผึฐื ึดื™ืกึธื” ืœึฐื—ึทื“ึฐืจึธื”ึผ ื™ึตืฉื ืฉื‚ึดื™ื—ึท ืงื•ึนืฆึดื™ื

ื•ึผื‘ึทืœึผึทื™ึฐืœึธื” ืจึธืึดื™ืช ืฉืึธื ื—ึทื™ึผื•ึนืช ืžึทื‘ึฐื”ึดื™ืœื•ึนืช

ื”ึดื™ื ืื•ึนื”ึถื‘ึถืช ืื•ึนืชึธืšึฐ ื•ึผื‘ึฐืœึดื™ ืœึฐื”ึทืึฒืฉืึดื™ื

ื™ึตืฉื ืœึธื”ึผ ืจึตื™ื—ึท ืฉืึธืงื•ึผืฃ ืฉืึถื™ึผื•ึนืฆึตื ืžึตื”ึธืจึนืืฉื

ื”ึดื™ื ืชึผึนืื”ึทื‘ ืื•ึนืชึธืšึฐ ืจึทืง

ื›ึผึฐืฉืึถืชึผึดืชึฐื™ึธืึฒืฉืึดื™

5. ืจื•ืŸ ื“ื”ืŸ - "ืžื’ื•ืœ"


ื›ืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืžื’ื•ืœ ืจื•ืŸ ื“ื”ืŸ

ืขืจืš: ืืจื– ืฉื•ื™ื™ืฆืจ ื”ื•ืฆืื”: ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“

ื’ื ื›ืืŸ ืื’ื™ื“ ืžืจืืฉ ืฉืื ืื™ืŸ ืœื›ื ืืช ืกืคืจื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื” ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืจื•ืŸ, ื–ื” ืžืฆืขืจ ืžืื•ื“ ื•ืื ื™ ืžืžืœื™ืฆื” ืœืชืงืŸ ื–ืืช ื‘ื”ืงื“ื. ื–ื” ืขื•ื“ ืกืคืจ ืฉื—ื™ื›ื™ืชื™ ืœื• ื‘ืกื‘ืœื ื•ืช ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘, ื•ื›ืžื• ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื ื’ื ืฉืœ ืจื•ืŸ ื’ื ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื™ื•ืคื™ ืขื•ืœื” ืขืœ ื’ื“ื•ืชื™ื• ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืคื•ืื˜ื™ืงื” ืžื–ื“ืงืงืช ื•ืžืชื”ื“ืงืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืš ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื•ื‘ื—ื•ื›ืžื” ืคื•ืื˜ื™ืช. ืชื ื•ืขืช ื”ื’ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”, ืžืฉืคื—ื”, ืคืจื™ื“ื”, ื’ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช, ื‘ื“ื™ื“ื•ืช ื•ืื”ื‘ื”, ืžื˜ืœื˜ืœืช ื•ืขื•ื˜ืคืช ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื—ื•ื“ืจ ื•ื ื—ื“ืจ. ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื›ืœ: ืื“ื, ื™ื, ืื”ื‘ื”. ื ื ืœืงื ื•ืช ื•ืœืงืจื•ื, ื–ื” ื™ืคื” ื•ืžื ื—ื ื’ื ื›ืฉื”ืกืคืจ ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืœื ื• ืฉื”ื›ืœ ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืื•ื—ืจ.

ืฉื ื™ ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืžืชื•ืš "ืžื’ื•ืœ":

ื›ืš ื–ื” ื™ืงืจื” / ืจื•ืŸ ื“ื”ืŸ


ื”ึธืขื•ึนืœึธื ื”ึทื–ึผึถื” ื™ึตืœึตืšึฐ ืœึฐื›ึธืœ ื”ึธืจื•ึผื—ื•ึนืช

ื‘ึผึฐื™ึนืคึดื™ ื›ึผึนื” ื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ, ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน ื™ึถืœึถื“

ื”ึทืžึผึตื’ึดื™ื—ึท ืžึดืชึผื•ึนืšึฐ ื—ึฒืœื•ึนื.

ืขึตื™ื ึตื™ ื”ึธืขึตื’ึถืœ ื ึดืคึฐืงึธื—ื•ึนืช ืœึฐืึทื˜ ืึถืœ

ืจึดืฆึผื•ึผื“ ื”ึธืื•ึนืจ, ื‘ึผึฐื™ึนืคึดื™ ื›ึผึนื”

ื’ึผึธื“ื•ึนืœ ื•ึฐืึทื“ึผึดื™ืจ ื™ึตืœึตืšึฐ ืขึทื“ ืฉืึถื ึผึถื—ึฐื“ึผึทืœ ืœึฐื”ึทืœึผึตืœ

ืึถืช ื”ึทื™ึผึนืคึดื™ ื›ึผึดื™ ื ึตื“ึทืข: ื–ึถื” ืกื•ึนืคึตื ื•ึผ ื•ึฐืœึนื ืึทื—ึตืจ

ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึฐืึทื—ึตืจ ืึฒืคึดืœึผื•ึผ ื ึดื™ืžึธื”.


ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืœึดื™, ืึฒื ึดื™ ืขื•ึนื“ ืฉืื•ึนื”ึถื” ื‘ึผึธืจึดืงึผื•ึผื“

ื”ึธืึดื˜ึผึดื™ ืึดืชึผึธืšึฐ, ื”ึธืื•ึนืจ ื”ึทื›ึผึธื—ึนืœ ืžึดืชึฐืึทืคึตืจ ื•ึผืžึทืงึฐืœึดื™ืฉื,

ืคึผึทืช ืœึถื—ึถื ืึฒื—ื•ึผื–ึธื” ื‘ึผึฐื›ึทืฃ ื™ึธื“ึดื™, ื’ึผื•ึผืฃ ื‘ึผึฐื’ื•ึผืฃ ื ึดืžึฐื”ึธืœ

ืขึทื“ ื”ึทืกึผื•ึนืฃ, ืขึทื“ ืœึฐืกื•ึนืฃ ื”ึทื™ึผึนืคึดื™

ืฉืึถืึตื™ืŸ ืœื•ึน ืฉืึดืขื•ึผืจ

ื‘ึผึธืขื•ึนืœึธื.


~~~ ืื‘ื™ / ืจื•ืŸ ื“ื”ืŸ


ืึธื‘ึดื™ ืขึธืฉื‚ึธื” ืžึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึดื™ื ื ื•ึนืจึธืึดื™ึผึดื™ื ื•ึฐื˜ึธืก

ืœึฐืึถืจึถืฅ ืึทื—ึถืจึถืช. ื ึดืกึผึดื™ืชึดื™ ืœึทืขึฒืงึนื‘ ืึทื—ึทืจ ื”ึทื—ึฒืจึดื™ืงื•ึนืช

ืฉืึถื”ื•ึนืชึดื™ืจ ืขึทืœ ื”ึธืึทืกึฐืคึทืœึฐื˜ ื”ึทื—ึทื,

ืžึฐื–ึทื’ึฐื–ึตื’ ื›ึผึฐืคึธืขึดื™ืœ ืคึผื•ึนืœึดื™ื˜ึดื™, ืึฒื‘ึธืœ ื”ึดืกึฐืชึผึทื—ึฐืจึทืจึฐืชึผึดื™ ื•ึฐื ึธืคึทืœึฐืชึผึดื™ ื•ึฐื ึดืฉืึฐืคึผึทืšึฐ ื“ึผึธื.

ืึตื™ืœื•ึผ ืžึทืขึฒืฉื‚ึดื™ื ื ื•ึนืจึธืึดื™ึผึดื™ื ืึธื‘ึดื™ ืขึธืฉื‚ึธื”?

ืจึตืืฉืึดื™ืช, ื”ื•ึผื ืœึนื ื”ึธื™ึธื” ืึดืžึผึดื™. ืœึฐืึทื”ึฒื‘ึธืชื•ึน ืœึนื ื”ึธื™ึฐืชึธื” ืึฒื—ึดื™ื–ึธื”.

ืฉืึตื ึดื™ืช, ื”ื•ึผื ืึธื”ึทื‘ ืกึฐืคึธืจึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐืœื•ึผื™ึดื™ื ื•ึผืžึฐื›ึปืจึฐืกึธืžึดื™ื. ื›ึผึทืฃ ื™ึธื“ื•ึน ื”ึธื™ึฐืชึธื”

ืงึทืœึผึธื” ื‘ึผึฐื›ึทืฃ ื™ึธื“ึดื™, ื”ื•ึผื ื”ึถืขึฑื“ึดื™ืฃ ืœึฐื“ึทืคึฐื“ึผึตืฃ ืขึทืœ ืกึทืคึฐืกึธืœ

ืžึตืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืœึฐื”ึทื‘ึผึดื™ื˜ ื•ึฐืœึดืจึฐืื•ึนืช ื›ึผึตื™ืฆึทื“

ืึฒื ึดื™ ื—ื•ึนืฆึถื” ืึถืช ื”ึทื›ึผึฐื‘ึดื™ืฉื. ืฉืึฐืœึดื™ืฉืึดื™ืช

ื”ื•ึผื ืœึนื ืึธื”ึทื‘ ืœึธืœึถื›ึถืช ืœึทื™ึผึธื.

ื™ึถืฉืึฐื ึธื ืœึตื™ืœื•ึนืช ืฉืึถื‘ึผึธื”ึถื ืึฒื ึดื™ ืงื•ึนืจึตื ืœึฐืึธื‘ึดื™ ื•ึฐื”ื•ึผื ืžึตืฉืึดื™ื‘ ืœึดื™:

ื‘ึผึถื˜ึทื—, ืึฒื ึดื™ ื›ึผึฐื‘ึธืจ ืงึธื ื•ึผืžึตื‘ึดื™ื ืœึฐืšึธ ื›ึผื•ึนืก ืžึทื™ึดื.



6. ืžื™ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืจ ืงื™ื“ืจ - "ืชืฉืขื™ื ืžืขืœื•ืช"


ื›ืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืชืฉืขื™ื ืžืขืœื•ืช ืžื™ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืจ ืงื™ื“ืจ

ืขืจืš: ืจื•ืขื™ ื—ืกืŸ ื”ื•ืฆืื”: ื˜ื ื’'ื™ืจ ืžื™ ืฉืžื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ื›ืœ ื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืœ ืžื” ืื ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจืช. ืื ื™ ืžืจืฉื” ืœืขืฆืžื™ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืœื ืงืจืื ื• ืกืคืจ ื›ื–ื” ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืœื ื”ื›ืจื ื• ืฉืคื” ื›ื–ื•, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืœื ืคื’ืฉื ื• ืื™ืฉื” ื›ืžื• ืžื™ื›ืœ. ื”ืฉื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ื›ืœ ืื—ืจืช ื•ื ื•ืขื–ืช ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื” ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื ื“ื™ืจื” ืœื ื›ื•ื— ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืจื“ื™ืงืœื™ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืจื’ืข ื•ืœื”ืชืžืกืจ ืœื• ื“ืจืš ืฉืืœื” ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื ื—ื™ืฉื•ืช ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ืžืขื–ื” ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช ื•ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืžื—ื“ืฉ. ื›ืœ ืฉื™ืจ ื‘ืกืคืจ ืžื–ืžื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื ื• ืœืขื“ื•ืช, ืœืฉื™ื—ื”, ื”ืฉื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ื›ืœ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ื•ืขื™ืจื•ืžื” ืžืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช, ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืืช ืžื‘ื™ื ื” ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื›ืœ ืฉื™ืจ ืฉืืช ืขืฆืžืš ืžื›ื•ืกื” ื‘ื”ืŸ, ืจืง ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ืกื™ืจื” ืื•ืชืŸ ืœื ื’ื“ ืขื™ื ื™ื™ืš.

ืฉื ื™ ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืžืชื•ืš "ืชืฉืขื™ื ืžืขืœื•ืช": *

ืึฒื ึดื™ ื—ื•ึนืœึถืงึถืช ืึถืช ืขึทืฆึฐืžึดื™ ืขึดื ื”ึธืขื•ึนืœึธื.

ื–ื•ึน ืœึนื ื—ึฒืœึปืงึผึธื” ืฉืึดื•ึฐื™ื•ึนื ึดื™ืช.

ื”ึธืขื•ึนืœึธื ื”ื•ึผื ืœึนื ืžึธืงื•ึนื ืฉืึดื•ึฐื™ื•ึนื ึดื™.

ืึฒื‘ึธืœ ื–ื•ึน ื—ึฒืœึปืงึผึธื” ื”ื•ึนื’ึถื ึถืช.

ืึฒื ึดื™ ืžึฐืงึทื•ึธึผื” ืฉืึถืึฒื ึดื™ ืึธื“ึธื ื”ื•ึนื’ึตืŸ. ื”ึธื’ื•ึผืŸ.

ืึตื™ืŸ ืœึดื™ ืฆึนืจึถืšึฐ ืœึฐื”ึทืฉืึฐืึดื™ืจ ืึถืฆึฐืœึดื™ ื“ึผึธื‘ึธืจ.

ื›ึผึดืžึฐืขึทื˜ ืฉืื•ึผื ื“ึผึธื‘ึธืจ. ื›ึผึธืœ ื“ึผึธื‘ึธืจ ืžึฐืขึปื‘ึผึธื“ ื•ึฐื ึดื˜ึฐื—ึธืŸ ื“ึผึทืง ื“ึผึทืง

ื•ึฐืึธื– ืžึปื ึผึธื— ืขึทืœ ื›ึผึทืฃ ื”ึทื™ึผึธื“

ื•ึผืžึดืชึฐืคึผึทื–ึผึตืจ ืœึธืจื•ึผื—ึท.

ืึฒื ึดื™ ืžึฐืกึทืคึผึถืจึถืช ืœึทื‘ึผึทืช ืฉืึถืœึผึดื™ ืขึทืœ ื’ึผึดืœึฐื’ึผื•ึผืœ ื ึฐืฉืึธืžื•ึนืช.

ืœึฐื”ึดืชึฐื’ึผึทืœึฐื’ึผึตืœ ื–ึถื” ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน ืœึฐื”ึดืชึฐืžึทื—ึฐื–ึตืจ.

ื ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ืฉืึฐืชึผึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื“ึผึฐืจื•ึผื–ึดื™ึผื•ึนืช.

ื”ึทื‘ึผึตืŸ ืฉืึถืœึผึดื™ ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ืขึธืงึทืืœ. ~~~ * ื›ึผึฐืฉืึถืฉืึผึธื›ึทื‘ึฐืชึผึดื™ ืึดืชึผึฐืšึธ

ืœึนื ื—ึธืฉืึทื‘ึฐืชึผึดื™ ืขึทืœ ื“ึผึธื‘ึธืจ.

ืฉืึธืึทืœึฐืชึผึดื™ ืื•ึนืชึฐืšึธ: "ืึทืชึผึธื” ืžึทืจึฐื’ึผึดื™ืฉื ืื•ึนืชึดื™?"

ืจึธืฆึดื™ืชึดื™ ืฉืึถืชึผึทืจึฐื’ึผึดื™ืฉื ืื•ึนืชึดื™ ื‘ึผึธืึตื™ื‘ึธืจึดื™ื ืฉืึถืœึผึฐืšึธ

ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน ืฉืึถืึฒื ึดื™ ื”ึดืจึฐื’ึผึทืฉืึฐืชึผึดื™ ืื•ึนืชึฐืšึธ ื‘ึผึธืึตื™ื‘ึธืจึดื™ื ืฉืึถืœึผึดื™.

ื›ึผึฐืฉืึถื”ึธืœึทื›ึฐืชึผึธ, ืžึดื”ึทืจึฐืชึผึดื™ ืœึธืฆึตืืช ื’ึผึทื ืึฒื ึดื™

ืœึถืึฑืกึนืฃ ืึถืช ื”ึทื™ึฐืœึธื“ึดื™ื

ื•ึฐื™ึธืฉืึทื‘ึฐื ื•ึผ ืฉืึฐืœึธืฉืึฐืชึตึผื ื•ึผ ืœึทืึฒืจื•ึผื—ึทืช ืึทืจึฐื‘ึผึทืข.

ื“ึผึดื‘ึผึทืจึฐื ื•ึผ, ืึธื›ึทืœึฐื ื•ึผ, ืฆึธื—ึทืงึฐื ื•ึผ, ืฉื‚ึดื—ึทืงึฐื ื•ึผ

ื•ึฐื’ึทื ืึธื– ืขื•ึนื“ ืœึนื ื—ึธืฉืึทื‘ึฐืชึผึดื™ ืขึทืœ ื“ึผึธื‘ึธืจ.

ื›ึผึฐืฉืึถื ึผึดื›ึฐื ึทืกึฐื ื•ึผ ืฉืึฐืœึธืฉืึฐืชึตึผื ื•ึผ ืœึทืžึผึดื˜ึผึธื” ืฉืึถืœึผึดื™

ื•ึผื‘ึทื—ืฉืึถืšึฐ ืฉื‚ื•ึนื—ึทื—ึฐื ื•ึผ ืขึทืœ ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ืฉืึถื”ึธื™ึธื”

ื•ึฐืœึดื˜ึผึทืคึฐืชึผึดื™ ืึถืช ืคึผึฐื ึตื™ื”ึถื ืฉืึถืœ ื”ึทื™ึฐืœึธื“ึดื™ื

ื•ึฐื”ึถื—ึฑื–ึทืงึฐืชึผึดื™ ืœึธื”ึถื ืึถืช ื”ึทื™ึผึธื“

ื›ึผึฐืฉืึถืกึผึดืคึผึฐืจื•ึผ ืขึทืœ ืจึถื’ึทืข ืœึนื ื ึธืขึดื™ื, ื•ึฐื ึดืฆึฐืžึทื“ึฐื ื•ึผ ื›ึผึปืœึผึธื ื•ึผ ื•ึฐื“ึดืžึฐื™ึทื ึผื•ึผ

ืžึธื” ื”ึธื™ึดื™ื ื•ึผ ืจื•ึนืฆึดื™ื ืœึทื—ึฒืœึนื ื‘ึผึทืœึผึทื™ึฐืœึธื”,

ื•ึฐืึธืžึทืจึฐื ื•ึผ: "ืœึทื™ึฐืœึธื” ื˜ื•ึนื‘. ื—ึฒืœื•ึนืžื•ึนืช ืคึผึธื–",

ื•ึฐืขึธืฆึทืžึฐื ื•ึผ ืขึตื™ื ึทื™ึดื. ื’ึผึทื ืึธื– ืขึฒื“ึทื™ึดืŸ ืœึนื ื—ึธืฉืึทื‘ึฐืชึผึดื™ ืขึทืœ ื“ึผึธื‘ึธืจ.

ืจึทืง ื‘ึผึฐื™ื•ึนื ืฉืึฐืœึดื™ืฉืึดื™ ืฉืึถื‘ึผึธื ืึทื—ึฒืจึตื™

ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทืฉึผืึฐืœึดื™ืฉืึดื™ ืฉืึถื‘ึผื•ึน ืฉืึธื›ึทื‘ึฐื ื•ึผ ื‘ึผึทืžึผึดื˜ึผึธื” ืฉืึถืœึผึดื™,

ื›ึผึฐืฉืึถืœึผึนื ื‘ึผึธืืชึธ,

ื—ึธืฉืึทื‘ึฐืชึผึดื™

ืขึทืœ ื”ึทืžึผึดื˜ึผึธื” ืฉืึถืžึผึฐืขึทื“ึผึถื ึถืช ืึถืช ื”ึทื™ึฐืฆึธืจึดื™ื ืฉืึถืœึผึดื™,

ื•ึฐืขึธืœึถื™ืšึธ, ืžึฐืœึทื‘ึผึถื” ืึถืช ื”ึทื™ึฐืฆึธืจึดื™ื ืฉืึถืœึผึดื™.

ื•ึฐืขึธืœึถื™ืšึธ ื‘ึผึฐืชื•ึนืšึฐ ื”ึทืžึผึดื˜ึผึธื” ืฉืึถืœึผึดื™

ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ื”ึทื™ึฐืœึธื“ึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐืชื•ึนืšึฐ ื”ึทืžึผึดื˜ึผึธื” ืฉืึถืœึผึดื™

ื•ึฐืขึธืœึทื™ ื‘ึผึฐืชื•ึนืšึฐ ื”ึทืžึผึดื˜ึผึธื” ืฉืึถืœึผึดื™

ื•ึฐื™ึธื“ึทืขึฐืชึผึดื™, ื”ึดื’ึผึดื™ืขึท ื”ึทื–ึผึฐืžึทืŸ ืœึฐื”ึดืคึผึธืจึตื“.

7. ื ื™ื ื• ื”ืจืžืŸ - "ื”ืจ ื”ืจื•ื—"


ื›ืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ืจ ื”ืจื•ื— ื ื™ื ื• ื”ืจืžืŸ

ืขืจื›ื”: ื”ื“ืก ื’ืœืขื“ ื”ื•ืฆืื”: ื›.ื”.ืœ ืืช ื ื™ื ื• ื–ื›ื™ืชื™ ืœืคื’ื•ืฉ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ื“ืก ื’ืœืขื“, ื”ืขื•ืจื›ืช ืฉืœื™ ื•ืฉืœื•, ื•ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ื“ืกื˜ืืจื˜ ืฉืœื• ืฉืฉืžื—ืชื™ ืœืœื•ื•ืช ืฆืžื•ื“. ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉื–ื›ื™ืชื™ ื›ื™ ื ื™ื ื• ื”ื•ื ืืžืŸ ื ื“ื™ืจ ืฉื›ืœ ืžืคื’ืฉ ืื™ืชื• ืžืžืœื ืื•ืชืš ื”ืฉืจืื” ื•ืžืœืžื“ ืื•ืชืš ืžืฉื”ื• ืขืœ ืขืฆืžืš ื•ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื–ื” ืื—ื“ ื”ืกืคืจื™ื ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื, ื”ื™ืคื™ื ื•ื”ืžื ื—ืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื ื™ื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฉืคืช ื”ืฆื™ืœื•ื ื•ื‘ืฉืคืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื” ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืคืจื™ื“ื” ืžื‘ื ื• ืฉื ื”ืจื’ ื‘ืขืœื™ื•ืช ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื ื˜ืฃ. ื–ื” ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืจ ื”ืจื•ื—, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื• ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ืจื—ื‘ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื•ืจื—ื•ืงื” ืžืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืกืคืจ ืขืœ ืžื•ื•ืช ื•ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ. ื”ืกืคืจ ืฉืœ ื ื™ื ื• ื”ื•ื ืกืคืจ ืฉื™ืจื” ื•ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืฉืคื•ืขื ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจื”, ืฉืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ืขืžื•ืงื” ื•ืกื‘ืœื ื™ืช, ืฉืžืœืžื“ ืื•ืชื ื• ืืช ืฉืคืช ื”ืœื‘ ื•ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืขื ื”ื ืฉืžื” ื•ืขื ื”ื˜ื‘ืข. ืžืžืœื™ืฆื” ืœืงื ื•ืช ืžืจืืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืขื•ืชืง ืื—ื“ ื›ื™ ื–ื” ืกืคืจ ืฉืชืจืฆื•ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ื‘ืžืชื ื”.

ืฉื ื™ ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืžืชื•ืš "ื”ืจ ื”ืจื•ื—": * ื”ึธืขึตืฆึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐื”ึทืจ ื”ึธืจื•ึผื—ึท ืžึทื‘ึผึดื™ื˜ึดื™ื ื‘ึผึดื™ ืฉืื•ึผื‘ ื•ึธืฉืื•ึผื‘.

ื”ึตื ื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ืฉืึธื ื›ึผึฐืฉืึถื™ึผื•ึนืžึฐืšึธ ื‘ึผึธื, ื›ึผึฐืฉืึถื‘ึผึธื ื”ึทื—ึนืฉืึถืšึฐ.

ืขึทื›ึฐืฉืึธื• ื”ึตื ื ึดืฆึผึธื‘ึดื™ื ืฉื‚ึฐืจื•ึผืคึดื™ื ื•ึผืžึฐื“ึปืœึผึธืœึดื™ื.


ื”ึธืขึถืฆึถื‘ ืฉืึถื ึผึธื”ึทื’ ืœึฐื”ึดืชึฐื™ึทืฆึผึตื‘ ืžื•ึผืœ ื”ึธื”ึธืจ

ืœึนื ื ึดืคึฐื’ึผึทืข ื‘ึผึทืฉึผื‚ึฐืจึตืคึธื”.

ื”ื•ึผื ืžื•ึนืคึดื™ืขึท ื‘ึผึฐืชื•ึนื›ึดื™ ื‘ึผึฐื“ึทื™ึฐืงึธื ื•ึผืช.

ืึตื™ืŸ ืคึผึฐื’ึดื™ืฉืึธื” ื‘ึผึฐืœึดื™ ืคึผึฐืจึตื“ึธื”, ื”ื•ึผื ืื•ึนืžึตืจ.


~~~

*

ืึตื™ืšึฐ ื–ึถื” ืฉืึถื ึผึดืฉืึฐืžึธืชึดื™ ืœึนื ื‘ึผื•ึนื“ึตื“ึธื” ืึทืฃ ืคึผึทืขึทื?

ืึฒื ึดื™ ืฉืึธืจ ืœึธื”ึผ ืฉืึดื™ืจ ืึทื”ึฒื‘ึธื”

ื–ึถื” ืœึนื ืงึธืฉืึถื”, ื”ึดื™ื ืžึทืงึฐืฉืึดื™ื‘ึธื”


ืึตื™ืŸ ื‘ึผึธื”ึผ ืจื•ึนืžึฐืžื•ึผืช ื•ึฐืฉืึตืคึถืœ

ืจึทืง ืฉืึถืงึถื˜


~~~ ืชืžื•ื ื” ืžืชื•ืš "ื”ืจ ื”ืจื•ื—"



ื”ืจืฉืžื” ืœืจืฉื™ืžืช ืชืคื•ืฆื”

ืžื–ืžื™ื ื” ืื•ืชืš ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื‘ืงืฉืจ ื•ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ืชืคื•ืฆื” ืฉืœื™
ืœืงื‘ืœืช ืขื“ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื, ื”ืฉืงื•ืช, ืžืคื’ืฉื™ ืฉื™ืจื”, ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ื•ืกื“ื ืื•ืช ื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ื•ื”ืชืžืงื“ื•ืช.
ืคื” ื•ืฉื ืืฉืœื— ื”ืจื”ื•ืจ, ืฉื™ืจ ืื• ืคื•ืกื˜ - ืชืœื•ื™ ืžื” ื™ืขืœื” ื‘ืฉื“ื” ื”ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืฉื™ืจื”.
ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื”, ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื” ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืชื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื•ืœืžืช ื•ืฉืคื•ื™ื”, ื•ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืฉื”ืžื™ื™ืœ ืžืžื ื™ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื›ืžื• ืžืฉืื‘ ืฉืœ ืžื™ืœื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช.

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